- Foot deformities are caused whether by congenial and acquired diseases or by external injuries.
- Adduction, its scientific name pes varus, refers to an inversion of the foot that is pulled toward the
midline of the body where only the outer side of the sole touches the ground.
- Abduction, known scientifically as pes valgus, refers to an inversion of the foot that is pulled away
from the midline of the body where only the inner side of the sole touches the ground. Causes of
abduction may be due to dysfunction of tibial muscles,
- A clubfoot, also called pes equinovarus, usually found coexistent with adduction, is caused by
paralysis of anterior tibial muscle. Patients suffering form clubfoot can only standing on the anterior
part of the sole.
- A claw foot, or pes cavus, refers to a condition of the foot in which the balls of the toes approximate
to the heel where the foot is shortened and the instep abnormally high. It is usually caused by brain
and nerve system disorders such as cerebral palsy.
- A flat foot, or pes planus, is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the
entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete touch of the ground.
- Pes calcaneus is a type of foot deformity in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks
on the heel of the foot. It is often caused by whether paralysis of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
or congenial deformities.
- A hammer toe is a deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, or fourth toe
causing it to be permanently bent, resembling a hammer.
- Foot deformities are not only cause malformation in physical appearance, but also affect weight
burden and limb gait. Foot deformities can cause severe deterioration if not treated properly. Orthotic
footwear is thus highly recommended by doctors under such situations.